Optimal. Leaf size=747 \[ \frac {\sqrt {a^2+b^2+c \left (c+\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )-a \left (2 c+\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )} \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {b^2+(a-c) \left (a-c-\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )-b \sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \cot (d+e x)}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \sqrt {a^2+b^2+c \left (c+\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )-a \left (2 c+\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )} \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} e}+\frac {b \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{2 \sqrt {c} \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {c} e}-\frac {b \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{2 \sqrt {c} \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{16 c^{5/2} e}-\frac {\sqrt {a^2+b^2+c \left (c-\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )-a \left (2 c-\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {b^2+(a-c) \left (a-c+\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )+b \sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \cot (d+e x)}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \sqrt {a^2+b^2+c \left (c-\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )-a \left (2 c-\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )} \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} e}+\frac {\sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{e}+\frac {b (b+2 c \cot (d+e x)) \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{8 c^2 e}-\frac {\left (a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)\right )^{3/2}}{3 c e} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 23.18, antiderivative size = 747, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 16, number of rules used = 12, integrand size = 33, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.364, Rules used = {3782, 6857,
654, 626, 635, 212, 1035, 1092, 1050, 1044, 214, 211} \begin {gather*} \frac {\sqrt {-a \left (\sqrt {a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}+2 c\right )+c \left (\sqrt {a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}+c\right )+a^2+b^2} \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {-b \sqrt {a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2} \cot (d+e x)+(a-c) \left (-\sqrt {a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}+a-c\right )+b^2}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2} \sqrt {-a \left (\sqrt {a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}+2 c\right )+c \left (\sqrt {a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}+c\right )+a^2+b^2} \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} e \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}}-\frac {\sqrt {-a \left (2 c-\sqrt {a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}\right )+c \left (c-\sqrt {a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}\right )+a^2+b^2} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {b \sqrt {a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2} \cot (d+e x)+(a-c) \left (\sqrt {a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}+a-c\right )+b^2}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2} \sqrt {-a \left (2 c-\sqrt {a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}\right )+c \left (c-\sqrt {a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}\right )+a^2+b^2} \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} e \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}}-\frac {b \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{2 \sqrt {c} \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{16 c^{5/2} e}+\frac {b (b+2 c \cot (d+e x)) \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{8 c^2 e}-\frac {\left (a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)\right )^{3/2}}{3 c e}+\frac {\sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{e}+\frac {b \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{2 \sqrt {c} \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {c} e} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 211
Rule 212
Rule 214
Rule 626
Rule 635
Rule 654
Rule 1035
Rule 1044
Rule 1050
Rule 1092
Rule 3782
Rule 6857
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \cot ^3(d+e x) \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)} \, dx &=-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^3 \sqrt {a+b x+c x^2}}{1+x^2} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{e}\\ &=-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \left (x \sqrt {a+b x+c x^2}-\frac {x \sqrt {a+b x+c x^2}}{1+x^2}\right ) \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{e}\\ &=-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int x \sqrt {a+b x+c x^2} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{e}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x \sqrt {a+b x+c x^2}}{1+x^2} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{e}\\ &=\frac {\sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{e}-\frac {\left (a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)\right )^{3/2}}{3 c e}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\frac {b}{2}-(a-c) x-\frac {b x^2}{2}}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {a+b x+c x^2}} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{e}+\frac {b \text {Subst}\left (\int \sqrt {a+b x+c x^2} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{2 c e}\\ &=\frac {\sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{e}+\frac {b (b+2 c \cot (d+e x)) \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{8 c^2 e}-\frac {\left (a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)\right )^{3/2}}{3 c e}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {b+(-a+c) x}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {a+b x+c x^2}} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{e}+\frac {b \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+b x+c x^2}} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{2 e}-\frac {\left (b \left (b^2-4 a c\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+b x+c x^2}} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{16 c^2 e}\\ &=\frac {\sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{e}+\frac {b (b+2 c \cot (d+e x)) \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{8 c^2 e}-\frac {\left (a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)\right )^{3/2}}{3 c e}+\frac {b \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{4 c-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{\sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{e}-\frac {\left (b \left (b^2-4 a c\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{4 c-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{\sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{8 c^2 e}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {-b \sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}+\left (-b^2-(a-c) \left (a-c-\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )\right ) x}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {a+b x+c x^2}} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{2 \sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} e}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {b \sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}+\left (-b^2-(a-c) \left (a-c+\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )\right ) x}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {a+b x+c x^2}} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{2 \sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} e}\\ &=\frac {b \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{2 \sqrt {c} \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {c} e}-\frac {b \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{2 \sqrt {c} \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{16 c^{5/2} e}+\frac {\sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{e}+\frac {b (b+2 c \cot (d+e x)) \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{8 c^2 e}-\frac {\left (a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)\right )^{3/2}}{3 c e}-\frac {\left (b \left (b^2+(a-c) \left (a-c-\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{2 b \sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \left (b^2+(a-c) \left (a-c-\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )\right )+b x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {-b^2-(a-c) \left (a-c-\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )+b \sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \cot (d+e x)}{\sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{e}-\frac {\left (b \left (b^2+(a-c) \left (a-c+\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-2 b \sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \left (b^2+(a-c) \left (a-c+\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )\right )+b x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {-b^2-(a-c) \left (a-c+\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )-b \sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \cot (d+e x)}{\sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{e}\\ &=\frac {\sqrt {a^2+b^2+c \left (c+\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )-a \left (2 c+\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {b^2+(a-c) \left (a-c-\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )-b \sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \cot (d+e x)}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \sqrt {a^2+b^2+c \left (c+\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )-a \left (2 c+\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )} \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} e}+\frac {b \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{2 \sqrt {c} \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {c} e}-\frac {b \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{2 \sqrt {c} \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{16 c^{5/2} e}-\frac {\sqrt {a^2+b^2+c \left (c-\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )-a \left (2 c-\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {b^2+(a-c) \left (a-c+\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )+b \sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \cot (d+e x)}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \sqrt {a^2+b^2+c \left (c-\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )-a \left (2 c-\sqrt {a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )} \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} e}+\frac {\sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{e}+\frac {b (b+2 c \cot (d+e x)) \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{8 c^2 e}-\frac {\left (a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)\right )^{3/2}}{3 c e}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [C] Result contains complex when optimal does not.
time = 31.22, size = 411, normalized size = 0.55 \begin {gather*} \frac {\left (\frac {3 b^2-8 a c+32 c^2}{24 c^2}-\frac {b \cot (d+e x)}{12 c}-\frac {1}{3} \csc ^2(d+e x)\right ) \sqrt {\frac {-a-c+a \cos (2 (d+e x))-c \cos (2 (d+e x))-b \sin (2 (d+e x))}{-1+\cos (2 (d+e x))}}}{e}+\frac {\left (8 i \sqrt {a-i b-c} c^{5/2} \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {i b+2 c+(2 i a+b) \tan (d+e x)}{2 \sqrt {a-i b-c} \sqrt {c+\tan (d+e x) (b+a \tan (d+e x))}}\right )-8 \sqrt {a+i b-c} c^{5/2} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {b+2 i c+(2 a+i b) \tan (d+e x)}{2 \sqrt {a+i b-c} \sqrt {c+\tan (d+e x) (b+a \tan (d+e x))}}\right )-b \left (b^2-4 c (a+2 c)\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {2 c+b \tan (d+e x)}{2 \sqrt {c} \sqrt {c+\tan (d+e x) (b+a \tan (d+e x))}}\right )\right ) \sqrt {a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)} \tan (d+e x)}{16 c^{5/2} e \sqrt {c+b \tan (d+e x)+a \tan ^2(d+e x)}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [B] result has leaf size over 500,000. Avoiding possible recursion issues.
time = 0.53, size = 17768080, normalized size = 23785.92 \[\text {output too large to display}\]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [F(-1)] Timed out
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Timed out} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \sqrt {a + b \cot {\left (d + e x \right )} + c \cot ^{2}{\left (d + e x \right )}} \cot ^{3}{\left (d + e x \right )}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.00 \begin {gather*} \int {\mathrm {cot}\left (d+e\,x\right )}^3\,\sqrt {c\,{\mathrm {cot}\left (d+e\,x\right )}^2+b\,\mathrm {cot}\left (d+e\,x\right )+a} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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